Shall

(v. i. & auxiliary.) To owe; to be under obligation for.

(v. i. & auxiliary.) To be obliged; must.

(v. i. & auxiliary.) As an auxiliary, shall indicates a duty or necessity whose obligation is derived from the person speaking; as, you shall go; he shall go; that is, I order or promise your going. It thus ordinarily expresses, in the second and third persons, a command, a threat, or a promise. If the auxillary be emphasized, the command is made more imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It is also employed in the language of prophecy; as, "the day shall come when . . . , " since a promise or threat and an authoritative prophecy nearly coincide in significance. In shall with the first person, the necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing elsewhere than in the speaker; as, I shall suffer; we shall see; and there is always a less distinct and positive assertion of his volition than is indicated by will. "I shall go" implies nearly a simple futurity; more exactly, a foretelling or an expectation of my going, in which, naturally enough, a certain degree of plan or intention may be included; emphasize the shall, and the event is described as certain to occur, and the expression approximates in meaning to our emphatic "I will go." In a question, the relation of speaker and source of obligation is of course transferred to the person addressed; as, "Shall you go?" (answer, "I shall go"); "Shall he go?" i. e., "Do you require or promise his going?" (answer, "He shall go".) The same relation is transferred to either second or third person in such phrases as "You say, or think, you shall go;" "He says, or thinks, he shall go." After a conditional conjunction (as if, whether) shall is used in all persons to express futurity simply; as, if I, you, or he shall say they are right. Should is everywhere used in the same connection and the same senses as shall, as its imperfect. It also expresses duty or moral obligation; as, he should do it whether he will or not. In the early English, and hence in our English Bible, shall is the auxiliary mainly used, in all the persons, to express simple futurity. (Cf. Will, v. t.) Shall may be used elliptically; thus, with an adverb or other word expressive of motion go may be omitted.

编辑:汤姆

• How we shall conciliate this little creature, said Mrs. Bretton to me, I don't know: she tastes nothing, and by her looks, she has not slept. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特. 维莱特.
• But afterwards I shall be nothing to him. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特. 雪莉.
• Who, then, shall conduct education so that humanity may improve? 约翰·杜威. 民主与教育.
• I shall see you again, Dick. 查尔斯·狄更斯. 雾都孤儿.
• I shall no longer see the sun or stars, or feel the winds play on my cheeks. 玛丽·雪莱. 弗兰肯斯坦.
• I will answer for it that we shall find no inconvenience from narrow roads on Wednesday. 简·奥斯汀. 曼斯菲尔德庄园.
• I shall be ruined, Wegg! 查尔斯·狄更斯. 我们共同的朋友.
• To what problems, what issues, shall we give our attention? 沃尔特·李普曼. 政治序论.
• The mill shall find salaries for a master and mistress, and the squire or the clothier shall give a treat once a quarter. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特. 雪莉.
• Tell my servant to bring me up some hot water at half-past eight in the morning, and that I shall not want him any more to-night. 查尔斯·狄更斯. 匹克威克外传.
• Shall I play some of those little melodies of Mozart's which you used to like so much? 威尔基·柯林斯. 白衣女人.
• You and I shall quarrel, Naumann, if you call that lady my aunt again. 乔治·艾略特. 米德尔马契.
• Come on, my boy, and we shall see whether it will not fit the lock. 阿瑟·柯南·道尔. 福尔摩斯历险记.
• And the lips that shall refuse to pledge me to his well-earned fame, I term false and dishonoured, and will so maintain them with my life. 沃尔特·司各特. 艾凡赫.
• I shall be there, but only as one of the crowd. 查尔斯·狄更斯. 双城记.
• No, say my lords the mob, you sha'n't have that. 本杰明·富兰克林. 富兰克林自传.
• Miss Murdstone is the point now, Peggotty, and you sha'n't escape from it. 查尔斯·狄更斯. 大卫·科波菲尔.
• I sha'n't be here long, he rejoined, his lips stiffening with the effort to say just so much and no more. 伊迪丝·华顿. 纯真年代.
• Now, Copperfield, you are so exactly what you used to be, with that agreeable face, and it's so pleasant to see you, that I sha'n't conceal anything. 查尔斯·狄更斯. 大卫·科波菲尔.
• I sha'n't be very long about this. 威尔基·柯林斯. 月亮宝石.
• I sha'n't improve my plain face by fretting--shall I? 威尔基·柯林斯. 月亮宝石.
• It isn't that there ain't some Cats that would be well enough pleased if she did, but they sha'n't be pleased. 查尔斯·狄更斯. 大卫·科波菲尔.
• She's got grand relations, and they're carrying her off; and we sha'n't see her no more. 伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔. 南方与北方.
• He sha'n't have her. 威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷. 名利场.

校对:马蒂